These filter almost perfectly optimize their anatomical surface

For scientists, the anatomy of these animals pluribranche maximizes the body surface and is consistent with the osmotrophie, power fashion of filter feed , from substances dissolved in the seawater.

Because Rangéomorphes were radically different from all known forms of life, scientists knew little about how these creatures lived, were breeding or foraged.  We now know that these primitive animals were well adapted to their environment.  © Verisimilus, Wikimedia Commons, cc by sa 2.5

These filter almost perfectly optimize their anatomical surface

"Geometrically speaking, they were well organized to do it, capable of creating the largest possible area of absorption in any space they occupied, " says Jennifer Hoyal Cuthill from the University of Cambridge, UK , lead author of the article published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

This result is consistent with the ecological conditions of the time: the competitors and predators were absent and the ocean environment rich in microscopic nutrients. Enjoycoloring.com "Oceans of Ediacaran more like a coarse soup, full of nutrients such as carbon organic, while nowadays, food particles in suspension are quickly collected by a myriad of animals, " says co-author Simon Conway Morris, a paleontologist at the University of Cambridge study.

With the explosion of multicellular life in the Cambrian period , the Rangéomorphes became extinct, there are about 540 million years. The supposed causes are competing for nutrients with other agencies, predation and depletion of specific resources they needed.

Fractal creatures filtered the Precambrian oceans

Fractal creatures filtered the Precambrian oceans

The comprehensive study of the anatomical organization of Rangéomorphes can lift a mystery about these strange marine living organisms on Earth, there are 575 million years. Branches that are composed and which duplicate according to a fractal model light on their feeding mode.

If they were all organized on the same basis of fractal branches, as shown in these 3D reconstructions, the Rangéomorphes grew vertically from 10 to 200 cm.  coloring book pages Horizontal spongy forms of these animals could also cover 58 square meters of ocean surface.  © University of Cambridge

We knew that was not Rangéomorphes plant nor fungus sailors, but many animals belonging to the phylum of Petalonamae . For about 40 million years ago, during the Ediacaran , they dominated the world's oceans, living attached to a substrate at different depths. Before they occur, life was microscopic.

However, we disregarded their mode of nutrition . From specimens fossils , researchers have managed to recreate the 3D morphology of 11 taxa and measure their functional properties.

Three main types, vertical and horizontal, have been highlighted: tall, thin, shaped fir other side flourished in the way of trees lapsed and a shape resembling a sponge deployed on the seabed. These plans fractal organization that are unlike any other known reinforce the idea that they have their clade, that is to say, their own group comprising the ancestors and all descendants.

the theory of Riemann

Located at the intersection of differential geometry, topology and complex analysis work Maryam Mirzakhani fall at first pure mathematics but we know that they often, sometimes decades or even centuries Later, unexpected implications in the natural sciences.

As the theory of Riemann surfaces occupies a very important position within the framework of the theory of superstrings, and even in different areas of physics, perhaps we can expect a few surprises. adults coloring pages Especially since some of the results obtained by the mathematician are already in connection with the string theory and the work of two other winners of the Fields Medal on the subject, Edward Witten and Maxim Kontsevich .

Presumably this first award of a Fields Medal to a woman used to reduce the gap between the number of male and female mathematicians as hope that the researcher said in a news release from the University of Stanford: 'c It is a great honor and I would be happy if it encourages young scientists and mathematicians "women , adding , "I am convinced that many more women will this type of reward in the coming years" .

Fertile complex surfaces in applications

Fortunately, this situation did not last long and in the years that followed, it turned out to be a prodigy in mathematics. It will stall twice the gold medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad in 1994 in Hong Kong in 1995, in Toronto with the highest score possible.

Fertile complex surfaces in applications

The work of the mathematician deal with the geometry and topology of the so-called Riemann surfaces , surfaces like a sphere or a pretzel whose description is closely related to the functions whose variables are numbers complex (for those who want to know more, the mathematician Étienne Ghys, CNRS research director at the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, recently devoted an entire article to Maryam Mirzakhani the must in the CNRS Images Math ).

The researcher was particularly interested in surfaces with a hyperbolic metric. coloring pages for boys The surface of a saddle, with its negative curvature different from that of a sphere which is positive, has a hyperbolic metric. With his colleague, mathematician Alex Eskin has established remarkable bridges between the theory of Riemann surfaces and the theory of dynamical systems. As with the work of Yakov Sinai on ergodic theory, the two researchers used the behavior of the trajectories of balls on pool tables of various shapes to explore the behavior of some of these dynamic systems.

Maryam Mirzakhani talks about his path from his childhood

The famous diary Quanta Magazine of Simons Foudation also devotes an entire article to the researcher. Pure product of the ultra-elitist education system in Iran, the mathematician does not least his doctorate at Harvard University in the United States under the direction of another winner of the Fields Medal, Curtis McMullen . coloring pages for adults After his graduation in 2004, she spent several years at Princeton before moving to Stanford where she is a professor since 2008 can find more details on its trajectory in a interview she granted and in the video below --Bra which supplements.

In this short video in English, accompanied by personal photos, the winner of the Fields Medal in 2014, the Iranian mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani talks about his path from his childhood as well as his work on Riemann surfaces which sometimes look like tori glued together to make pretzels. For a French translation, click the rectangle with two horizontal bars on the bottom right. Subtitles in English should then appear, if it is not already. By simply moving the mouse over the rectangle, you should see the words "Translate subtitles." Click to bring up the menu language selection, select "French" and then click "OK". © tywebbOOOOO, YouTube

Born in 1977 in Tehran, she was part of a generation she described as lucky, that is, those whose adolescence was held after the Iran-Iraq war. Initially, she did not intend to become a mathematician and was interested in all the books that could fall into his hands. Leaving primary school, she was for a time an unpleasant experience with mathematics. One of his teachers even thought she was not particularly good, which was a source of discouragement for her, temporarily breaking his nascent interest in mathematics.

Android 4.4 KitKat leak shows tweaked but familiar Android interface

Will Google announce KitKat and the Nexus 5 next week? Maybe. Is the latest leak enough to hold you over? Probably not, but here it is anyway. This is purported to be Android 4.4 running on the upcoming Nexus 5, and if it seems to look a lot like Jelly Bean, that’s because it does.

There are a few tweaks: a transparent notification bar, a tweaked app drawer showing five rows of four apps each over your phone’s background instead of black, and the ability to access Google Now by swiping left past the leftmost home screen. The Nexus 5 also reportedly features the same “OK, Google Now” voice commands as the Moto X.

There are likely to be plenty of other changes — some on the surface, some under it — that will be revealed when Google unveils the latest update.  It’s Android 4.4 version number, however, seems to be more and more fitting. Despite getting a new codename with KitKat, the build will share a lot in common with Jelly Bean.

Rumors point to Google unveiling KitKat and the Nexus 5 next week, possibly on October 15th. Keep it tuned here for all of the latest developments.

Droid Stars | Sprint LG G2

Greed for Glory: War Strategy for Android Review

Greed for Glory: War Strategy enters the freemium field with exciting but strangely run-of-the-mill gameplay. It's similar to titles like Battle Dragons and Clash of Clans: the only real difference being a new setting and art style. But despite lacking any sort of innovation, PerBlue's medieval-themed building/combat sim will keep you strangely captivated for weeks on end. Just go easy on the diamonds, okay?

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Greed for Glory puts you at the helm of a small village looking to become more than a collection of wooden huts. Build new structures as you mine iron and gold, collecting as much currency as you can so you can raise a massive army of archers, knights, and wizards. With all of those trained soldiers milling around, might as well head out and attack nearby villages, right? Increase your fame (and your loot) by sacking other towns, slowly expanding and upgrading your base to accommodate your newfound power and glory.